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In GES, the soil remediation is mainly carried out by two techniques as:
A. Biological treatment or Bioremediation
B. A combination of Biological and Physico-chemical treatment »
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Bioremediation is the process of converting environmentally hazardous pollutants (organic or inorganic) into less toxic compounds by using microorganisms and nutrients. The added microbes stimulate soil bacteria for the biological decontamination process. T he process involves native microbial flora capable of using toxic contaminants as carbon and energy source resulting in their breakdown to simpler and non-toxic forms. It involves manipulation of molecular degradation of compounds through microbial activity. GES follows In situ - Bioremediation (in place) to clean up the fuel contaminated soil, groundwater, surface waters and process waters contaminated with crude oil, sludge's and industrial solvents. Land farming of oily sludge followed by its in situ bioremediation using oily sludge-degrading bacteria together with the application of nutrients has attracted considerable attention as a safe method to get rid of the toxic organic contaminants
Advantages
Several aspects of bioremediation make it an appealing choice. The major advantages of Bioremediation are :
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1 - Eco-friendly : It is a natural process that breaks down all hydrocarbon contamination in the environment |
2 - Maximum degradation : It degrades toxic contaminants / pollutants instead of simply moving /transforming them from one media to another. (In landfills polluted soils were only buried/ transferred and are not destroyed) |
3 - cost-effectiveness : Bioremediation is cheaper than any other methods of pollutant removal and is considered as the best option for many situations |
4 -Extensive application possibilities
Bioremediation is, cost-effective and accounts for the maximum transformation of contaminants in soils. Furthermore, the process involves native microbial flora capable of using toxic contaminants as carbon and energy source resulting in their breakdown to simpler and non-toxic forms. |
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